{"id":10306,"date":"2026-11-11T12:41:04","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T09:41:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/?p=10306"},"modified":"2026-11-11T12:41:04","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T09:41:04","slug":"sql-create-table-ile-tablo-olusturma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/en\/yk\/sql-create-table-ile-tablo-olusturma\/?lang=en","title":{"rendered":"SQL CREATE TABLE ile Tablo Olu\u015fturma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130li\u015fkisel veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemlerinde (RDBMS) veriler, sat\u0131r ve s\u00fctunlardan olu\u015fan mant\u0131ksal yap\u0131lar olan tablolarda saklan\u0131r. Bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m projesine ba\u015flarken veya mevcut bir sistemi geni\u015fletirken ilk ad\u0131m, verilerin hangi formatta ve kurallarla saklanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamakt\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin temel ta\u015f\u0131 ise SQL Veri Tan\u0131mlama Dili (Data Definition Language &#8211; DDL) komutlar\u0131ndan biri olan CREATE TABLE ifadesidir. Do\u011fru kurgulanm\u0131\u015f bir tablo \u015femas\u0131, uygulaman\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131, veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini do\u011frudan etkiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SQL CREATE TABLE Komutunun Temel S\u00f6zdizimi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CREATE TABLE komutu, veritaban\u0131 motoruna yeni bir tablo olu\u015fturma talimat\u0131 verir. Komut \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken tablonun ad\u0131, i\u00e7erece\u011fi s\u00fctunlar, bu s\u00fctunlar\u0131n tutaca\u011f\u0131 veri tipleri ve s\u00fctunlara uygulanacak kurallar (k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar) a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Temel s\u00f6zdizim \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>CREATE TABLE tablo_adi (\n    sutun1 veri_tipi kisitlama,\n    sutun2 veri_tipi kisitlama,\n    sutun3 veri_tipi,\n    ...\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yap\u0131da yer alan bile\u015fenlerin i\u015flevleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>tablo_adi: Olu\u015fturulmak istenen tablonun benzersiz ad\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/li>\n\n<li>sutun: Tabloda tutulacak veri alan\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n<li>veri_tipi: S\u00fctunun kabul edece\u011fi bilginin t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc (metin, say\u0131, tarih vb.) ve boyutunu belirler.<\/li>\n\n<li>kisitlama: \u0130lgili s\u00fctuna girilebilecek verinin ge\u00e7erlilik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Temel Veri Tipleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Veritaban\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131nda do\u011fru veri tipini se\u00e7mek, depolama verimlili\u011fi ve sorgu h\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan temel veri tipleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da listelenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CHAR ve VARCHAR: Metinsel ifadeleri saklar. CHAR sabit uzunluktaki metinler i\u00e7in (\u00f6rne\u011fin \u00fclke kodlar\u0131), VARCHAR ise de\u011fi\u015fken uzunluktaki metinler i\u00e7in (\u00f6rne\u011fin ad, e-posta) tercih edilir.<\/li>\n\n<li>INT ve BIGINT: Tam say\u0131 de\u011ferlerini saklamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli kimlikler i\u00e7in INT yeterliyken, y\u00fcksek hacimli kay\u0131tlar i\u00e7in BIGINT se\u00e7ilir.<\/li>\n\n<li>DECIMAL veya NUMERIC: Para birimleri veya net hassasiyet gerektiren matematiksel de\u011ferler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kayan noktal\u0131 say\u0131 hatalar\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/li>\n\n<li>DATE ve TIMESTAMP: Tarih ve saat bilgilerini tutar. TIMESTAMP, saat dilimi ve tam zaman bilgisi gerektiren kay\u0131t izleme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n<li>BOOLEAN: Do\u011fru (TRUE) veya Yanl\u0131\u015f (FALSE) mant\u0131ksal de\u011ferlerini ifade eder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tablo K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 (Constraints)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar, veritaban\u0131na girilen verilerin do\u011frulu\u011funu, tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini garanti alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan kurallard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NOT NULL: S\u00fctunun bo\u015f (NULL) b\u0131rak\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, mutlaka bir de\u011fer i\u00e7ermesi gerekti\u011fini belirtir.<\/li>\n\n<li>UNIQUE: S\u00fctundaki t\u00fcm de\u011ferlerin birbirinden farkl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar.<\/li>\n\n<li>PRIMARY KEY: Tablodaki her bir sat\u0131r\u0131 benzersiz \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlayan aland\u0131r. NOT NULL ve UNIQUE \u00f6zelliklerinin birle\u015fimidir. Her tabloda yaln\u0131zca bir adet birincil anahtar bulunabilir.<\/li>\n\n<li>FOREIGN KEY: \u0130ki tablo aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi kurar. Bir tablodaki s\u00fctunun, ba\u015fka bir tablonun birincil anahtar\u0131na referans vermesini sa\u011flar. B\u00f6ylece referans b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc korunur.<\/li>\n\n<li>CHECK: S\u00fctuna girilecek verinin belirli bir mant\u0131ksal ko\u015fulu sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015far.<\/li>\n\n<li>DEFAULT: S\u00fctuna herhangi bir de\u011fer girilmedi\u011finde atanacak varsay\u0131lan de\u011feri belirler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kapsaml\u0131 Uygulama: E-Ticaret Veritaban\u0131 \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Konuyu somutla\u015ft\u0131rmak ad\u0131na bir e-ticaret uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131c\u0131lar ve sipari\u015fler yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 modelledi\u011fimiz iki ili\u015fkili tablo olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar Tablosunun Olu\u015fturulmas\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk olarak sisteme kay\u0131t olan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bilgilerini tutacak tabloyu tan\u0131ml\u0131yoruz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>CREATE TABLE kullanicilar (\n    kullanici_id INT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,\n    ad VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,\n    soyad VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,\n    eposta VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,\n    yas INT,\n    kayit_tarihi TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,\n    CONSTRAINT pk_kullanicilar PRIMARY KEY (kullanici_id),\n    CONSTRAINT uq_kullanicilar_eposta UNIQUE (eposta),\n    CONSTRAINT chk_kullanici_yasi CHECK (yas &gt;= 18)\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu komut ile:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>kullanici_id s\u00fctunu otomatik artan birincil anahtar olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n\n<li>ad, soyad ve eposta s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 engellenmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n\n<li>eposta s\u00fctununa UNIQUE k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 verilerek ayn\u0131 adresle birden fazla kay\u0131t yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n\n<li>CHECK k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 ile sisteme yaln\u0131zca 18 ya\u015f ve \u00fczerindeki bireylerin kay\u0131t olabilece\u011fi kural\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n\n<li>kayit_tarihi s\u00fctununa de\u011fer girilmedi\u011finde sistemin o anki zaman damgas\u0131 varsay\u0131lan olarak atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sipari\u015fler Tablosunun Olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve \u0130li\u015fkilendirme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u015eimdi kullan\u0131c\u0131lar tablosuna ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak sipari\u015fler tablosunu tan\u0131mlayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>CREATE TABLE siparisler (\n    siparis_id INT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,\n    kullanici_id INT NOT NULL,\n    toplam_tutar DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL,\n    siparis_durumu VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT 'Haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor',\n    olusturma_tarihi TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,\n    CONSTRAINT pk_siparisler PRIMARY KEY (siparis_id),\n    CONSTRAINT fk_siparisler_kullanici FOREIGN KEY (kullanici_id) \n        REFERENCES kullanicilar(kullanici_id) \n        ON DELETE RESTRICT\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu tabloda FOREIGN KEY k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 kullan\u0131larak sipari\u015fler tablosundaki kullanici_id s\u00fctunu, kullanicilar tablosunun birincil anahtar\u0131na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ON DELETE RESTRICT ifadesi, sistemde sipari\u015fi bulunan bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n silinmesini engelleyerek veri tutars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mevcut Bir Tablodan Yeni Tablo Olu\u015fturma (CREATE TABLE AS)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baz\u0131 durumlarda var olan bir tablonun yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 veya verilerini kopyalayarak yeni bir tablo t\u00fcretmek gerekebilir. Bunun i\u00e7in CREATE TABLE AS SELECT (CTAS) y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>CREATE TABLE aktif_kullanicilar AS\nSELECT kullanici_id, ad, soyad, eposta\nFROM kullanicilar\nWHERE yas &gt;= 25;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu ifade, kullanicilar tablosundaki 25 ya\u015f ve \u00fczeri kay\u0131tlar\u0131 filtreleyerek sadece belirtilen s\u00fctunlardan olu\u015fan aktif_kullanicilar ad\u0131nda yeni bir tablo meydana getirir. Ancak bu y\u00f6ntem kullan\u0131l\u0131rken kaynak tablodaki birincil anahtar ve yabanc\u0131 anahtar gibi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu yeni tabloya do\u011frudan aktar\u0131lmaz, bu kurallar\u0131n manuel olarak tekrar eklenmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tablo Tasar\u0131m\u0131nda Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0130simlendirme standartlar\u0131na sad\u0131k kal\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tablo ve s\u00fctun isimlerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck harf ve alt \u00e7izgi (snake_case) tercih edilmeli, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e karakter veya bo\u015fluk kullan\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0130htiya\u00e7tan b\u00fcy\u00fck veri tipleri tan\u0131mlanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin sadece iki basamakl\u0131 say\u0131 alacak bir alana BIGINT tipi vermek bellek ve disk israf\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/li>\n\n<li>Her tabloda mutlaka tekil birincil anahtar (Primary Key) tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n<li>K\u0131s\u0131tlamalara a\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r isimler verilmelidir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, bir hata meydana geldi\u011finde hangi kural\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini tespit etmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6zet ve Sonraki Ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SQL CREATE TABLE ifadesi, veritaban\u0131 mimarisinin iskeletini in\u015fa eden temel komuttur. Veri tipleri ve k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n do\u011fru kombinasyonu ile verilerinizin bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan veritaban\u0131 motoru seviyesinde engelleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz tablolar \u00fczerinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmak i\u00e7in ALTER TABLE, tablolar\u0131 tamamen kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in DROP TABLE ve bu tablolara veri eklemek i\u00e7in INSERT INTO komutlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek veritaban\u0131 bilginizi bir sonraki a\u015famaya ta\u015f\u0131yabilirsiniz.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130li\u015fkisel veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemlerinde veri saklaman\u0131n temeli olan SQL CREATE TABLE komutunun s\u00f6zdizimi, veri tipleri ve k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 bu rehberde incelenmektedir.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10307,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[230],"tags":[600,588,254,601,257],"class_list":["post-10306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-veritabani","tag-create-table","tag-rdbms","tag-sql","tag-sql-sorgulari","tag-veritabani"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SQL CREATE TABLE ile Tablo Olu\u015fturma - Yunus KAYTAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SQL CREATE TABLE komutu ile ili\u015fkisel veritabanlar\u0131nda s\u0131f\u0131rdan tablo olu\u015fturmay\u0131, veri tiplerini ve temel k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 (constraints) \u00f6\u011frenin.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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