{"id":10259,"date":"2026-11-08T11:15:57","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T08:15:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/?p=10259"},"modified":"2026-11-08T11:15:57","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T08:15:57","slug":"linux-df-ve-du-ile-disk-kullanimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/en\/yk\/linux-df-ve-du-ile-disk-kullanimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux df ve du ile Disk Kullan\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Linux tabanl\u0131 sistemlerde depolama alan\u0131n\u0131n verimli y\u00f6netilmesi, sistem kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve servis s\u00fcreklili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en temel g\u00f6revlerden biridir. Dolu bir disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131n kilitlenmesine, g\u00fcnl\u00fckleme mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n durmas\u0131na ve hatta kritik servislerin \u00e7\u00f6kmesine yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu t\u00fcr sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nceden tespit etmek veya ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir yer sorununu h\u0131zla \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in Linux komut sat\u0131r\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan iki ana ara\u00e7 vard\u0131r: <code>df<\/code> ve <code>du<\/code>. Bu yaz\u0131da her iki komutun i\u015fleyi\u015fini, yayg\u0131n parametrelerini ve aralar\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131 detayl\u0131 olarak ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">df Komutu ile Dosya Sistemi D\u00fczeyinde Kontrol<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>df<\/code> (disk filesystem) komutu, ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunan t\u00fcm dosya sistemlerinin toplam boyutunu, kullan\u0131lan alan\u0131n\u0131 ve bo\u015fta kalan miktar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Bu komut, disk bloklar\u0131n\u0131 tek tek taramak yerine dosya sisteminin \u00fcstverisini (metadata) okur; bu sayede disk ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa olsun yan\u0131t\u0131 neredeyse an\u0131nda \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u00e7bir parametre verilmeden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 1 kilobaytl\u0131k bloklar halinde sunar. Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 insanlar i\u00e7in okunmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 veriler i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>df<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 megabayt veya gigabayt gibi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r birimlerle g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in <code>-h<\/code> (human-readable) parametresi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>df -h<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu komut her b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn toplam boyutunu, kullan\u0131lan miktar\u0131n\u0131, kalan alan\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m y\u00fczdesini <code>M<\/code> (Megabayt) ya da <code>G<\/code> (Gigabayt) cinsinden listeler. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da yer alan <code>Mounted on<\/code> s\u00fctunu, dosya sisteminin i\u015fletim sistemindeki hangi dizine ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dosya Sistemi T\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve Belirli Alanlar\u0131 \u0130nceleme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baz\u0131 durumlarda sanal dosya sistemlerini (tmpfs, udev gibi) g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edip yaln\u0131zca fiziksel disk formatlar\u0131n\u0131 (ext4, xfs, btrfs) g\u00f6rmek isteyebilirsiniz. Bunun i\u00e7in <code>-T<\/code> parametresi eklenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>df -hT<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E\u011fer sadece belirli bir dizinin veya diskin hangi ba\u011flama noktas\u0131na ait oldu\u011funu ve o b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ne kadar yer kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyorsan\u0131z, komutun sonuna do\u011frudan yolu ekleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>df -h \/var\/log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu komut yaln\u0131zca <code>\/var\/log<\/code> dizininin \u00fczerinde bulundu\u011fu dosya sisteminin durumunu raporlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inode Dolulu\u011funu Kontrol Etme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Linux sistemlerde disk alan\u0131 fiziksel olarak dolmam\u0131\u015f olsa bile dosya olu\u015fturulamayabilir. Bunun en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan nedeni &#8220;inode&#8221; t\u00fckenmesidir. Inode, dosya sisteminde dosya ve dizinlerin meta verilerini (izinler, sahiplik, blok konumlar\u0131) saklayan veri yap\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Her yeni dosya veya klas\u00f6r bir inode t\u00fcketir. \u00c7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dosyan\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin e-posta kuyruklar\u0131 veya oturum dosyalar\u0131) bulundu\u011fu sistemlerde inode say\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fckenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inode durumunu denetlemek i\u00e7in <code>-i<\/code> parametresi kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>df -i<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131da yer alan <code>IUse%<\/code> de\u011feri y\u00fczde y\u00fcze yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa, diskte gigabaytlarca bo\u015f yer g\u00f6r\u00fcnse dahi sistem yeni dosya yazamaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">du Komutu ile Dizin ve Dosya Boyutu Analizi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>df<\/code> komutu hangi dosya sisteminin doldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerken, <code>du<\/code> (disk usage) komutu bu dolulu\u011fa hangi dizinlerin veya dosyalar\u0131n sebep oldu\u011funu bulman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. <code>du<\/code>, dosya a\u011fac\u0131nda dola\u015farak belirtilen dizindeki t\u00fcm girdilerin boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 toplar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Varsay\u0131lan haliyle <code>du<\/code>, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 dizindeki t\u00fcm alt klas\u00f6rleri \u00f6zyinelemeli (recursive) olarak tarar ve her birinin boyutunu listeler. Bu i\u015flem b\u00fcy\u00fck dizinlerde terminali gereksiz bilgilerle doldurabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Okunabilir birimlerle yaln\u0131zca hedef dizinin toplam boyutunu \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in <code>-s<\/code> (summary) ve <code>-h<\/code> parametreleri birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>du -sh \/var\/log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu komut <code>\/var\/log<\/code> alt\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm i\u00e7eri\u011fi tarar ancak terminale yaln\u0131zca bu dizinin toplam boyutunu tek bir sat\u0131rda basar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dizin Derinli\u011fini S\u0131n\u0131rlama<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00fcy\u00fck bir dizinde yer kaplayan klas\u00f6rleri kademeli olarak bulmak i\u00e7in <code>--max-depth<\/code> parametresi olduk\u00e7a kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu parametre, taraman\u0131n ka\u00e7 alt seviyeye kadar detayland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>du -h --max-depth=1 \/var<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00f6rnekte <code>\/var<\/code> dizini taran\u0131r, ancak yaln\u0131zca do\u011frudan <code>\/var<\/code> alt\u0131nda bulunan klas\u00f6rlerin toplam boyutlar\u0131 ekrana yazd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bir alt seviyedeki detaylar gizlenerek genel tablo net bi\u00e7imde ortaya konur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En \u00c7ok Alan Kaplayan Dosya ve Dizinleri Bulma<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diskin doldu\u011fu kriz anlar\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck dizinleri h\u0131zl\u0131ca tespit etmek gerekir. Bunun i\u00e7in <code>du<\/code> komutunun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 <code>sort<\/code> ve <code>head<\/code> ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla filtrelenir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>du -ah \/var | sort -rh | head -n 15<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu komut dizisinde yer alan parametrelerin i\u015flevleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>-a<\/code>: Yaln\u0131zca dizinleri de\u011fil, tekil dosyalar\u0131 da analize dahil eder.<\/li>\n\n<li><code>sort -rh<\/code>: \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 insan taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir birimlere (<code>-h<\/code>) g\u00f6re ve b\u00fcy\u00fckten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe ters s\u0131rada (<code>-r<\/code>) s\u0131ralar.<\/li>\n\n<li><code>head -n 15<\/code>: S\u0131ralanan listenin en ba\u015f\u0131ndaki 15 \u00f6\u011feyi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Belirli Dosyalar\u0131 Filtreleme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gereksiz dosyalar\u0131 ararken belirli dosya kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 hari\u00e7 tutmak veya yaln\u0131zca belirli t\u00fcrleri incelemek isteyebilirsiniz. <code>--exclude<\/code> parametresi belirtilen desene uyan dosyalar\u0131 hesaba katmaz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>du -h --max-depth=1 --exclude=\"*.log\" \/var<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu komut log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 atlayarak di\u011fer dizin ve dosyalar\u0131n boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">df ve du Aras\u0131ndaki Temel Farklar ve Tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sistem y\u00f6neticilerinin s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 senaryolardan biri, <code>df<\/code> komutunun diskin tamamen dolu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemesine ra\u011fmen <code>du<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir kullan\u0131m g\u00f6stermesidir. Bu durum bir hata de\u011fil, iki komutun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mekanizmas\u0131ndaki temel fark\u0131n sonucudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>df<\/code> komutu dosya sisteminin \u00fcstverisini okur. Tahsis edilmi\u015f ancak hen\u00fcz serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bloklar\u0131 da kullan\u0131mda kabul eder.<\/li>\n\n<li><code>du<\/code> komutu dosya dizin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 dola\u015farak o an dizin a\u011fac\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnen dosyalar\u0131 tek tek sayar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu tutars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en temel sebebi, silinmi\u015f ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan hala a\u00e7\u0131k tutulan dosyalard\u0131r. Bir servis (\u00f6rne\u011fin Nginx veya MySQL) b\u00fcy\u00fck bir log dosyas\u0131na yazarken, bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 <code>rm<\/code> komutuyla o log dosyas\u0131n\u0131 silerse dosyan\u0131n dizin kayd\u0131 silinir. <code>du<\/code> bu dosyaya art\u0131k eri\u015femedi\u011fi i\u00e7in boyutunu sayamaz. Ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan servis dosya tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (file descriptor) kapatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece i\u015fletim sistemi disk bloklar\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015faltmaz; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla <code>df<\/code> bu alan\u0131 hala dolu olarak g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00f6yle bir durumu tespit etmek i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k olan ancak silinmi\u015f dosyalar\u0131 listeleyen <code>lsof<\/code> komutu kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>lsof +L1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Veya do\u011frudan silinmi\u015f ibaresi i\u00e7eren a\u00e7\u0131k dosyalar taran\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>lsof | grep deleted<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu komutlar diski i\u015fgal etmeye devam eden s\u00fcrecin kimli\u011fini (PID) ve dosya ad\u0131n\u0131 verir. \u0130lgili servisi yeniden ba\u015flatmak veya s\u00fcreci sonland\u0131rmak, kilitli kalan disk bloklar\u0131n\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve <code>df<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczelmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disk Sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6zmek \u0130\u00e7in Tipik Bir \u0130\u015f Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir sunucuda disk alan\u0131 uyar\u0131s\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda izlemeniz gereken sistematik yakla\u015f\u0131m \u015fu ad\u0131mlardan olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0130lk olarak <code>df -h<\/code> \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak hangi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn (\u00f6rne\u011fin <code>\/<\/code> veya <code>\/home<\/code>) kritik seviyede oldu\u011funu belirleyin.<\/li>\n\n<li>Inode t\u00fckenmesi ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131 <code>df -i<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/li>\n\n<li>Sorunlu b\u00f6l\u00fcme giderek <code>du -h --max-depth=1<\/code> komutuyla alan\u0131 en \u00e7ok t\u00fcketen ana dizini tespit edin.<\/li>\n\n<li>Tespit edilen dizinin i\u00e7ine girerek ayn\u0131 komutu yineleyin veya do\u011frudan <code>du -ah | sort -rh | head<\/code> yard\u0131m\u0131yla en b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar\u0131 belirleyin.<\/li>\n\n<li>E\u011fer dosyalar\u0131 sildi\u011finiz halde <code>df<\/code> alan\u0131 bo\u015faltmad\u0131ysa, <code>lsof | grep deleted<\/code> ile s\u00fcreci bulun ve servisi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6zet ve Sonraki Ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>df<\/code> ve <code>du<\/code> ara\u00e7lar\u0131, Linux sistem y\u00f6netiminde depolama sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izlemek ve sorunlar\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in birbirini tamamlayan vazge\u00e7ilmez komutlard\u0131r. Biri genel tabloyu ve dosya sistemi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla verirken, di\u011feri sorunun kayna\u011f\u0131 olan dosya ve klas\u00f6rleri kesin olarak i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu iki komutun temel parametrelerine hakim olduktan sonraki ad\u0131mda, disk temizli\u011fini otomatikle\u015ftiren <code>logrotate<\/code> yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyebilir ya da terminal ortam\u0131nda g\u00f6rsel ve etkile\u015fimli disk analizi sunan <code>ncdu<\/code> arac\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize kurup kullanmay\u0131 deneyebilirsiniz.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux sunucularda depolama alan\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek ve b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan df ve du komutlar\u0131n\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 kullan\u0131m rehberi.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[205],"tags":[566,563,210,564,565],"class_list":["post-10259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-komut-referansi","tag-devops","tag-disk-yonetimi","tag-linux","tag-sysadmin","tag-terminal-komutlari"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Linux df ve du ile Disk Kullan\u0131m\u0131 - Yunus KAYTAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Linux sistemlerde disk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in df ve du komutlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, pratik parametrelerini ve farklar\u0131n\u0131 bu rehberde \u00f6\u011frenin.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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