{"id":10251,"date":"2026-11-08T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/?p=10251"},"modified":"2026-11-08T08:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T05:00:00","slug":"linux-ssh-komutu-ile-uzak-baglanti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/en\/yk\/linux-ssh-komutu-ile-uzak-baglanti\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux ssh Komutu ile Uzak Ba\u011flant\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Linux tabanl\u0131 sistemlerin y\u00f6netiminde en s\u0131k ba\u015fvurulan y\u00f6ntem, komut sat\u0131r\u0131 \u00fczerinden uzak sunucuya eri\u015fmektir. Bu eri\u015fimi sa\u011flayan en temel ve standart ara\u00e7 ise ssh komutudur. G\u00fcvensiz a\u011flar \u00fczerinden iki sistem aras\u0131nda \u015fifrelenmi\u015f bir ileti\u015fim kanal\u0131 kuran bu komut, hem sistem y\u00f6neticilerinin hem de geli\u015ftiricilerin bilmesi gereken en kritik ara\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SSH Protokol\u00fc ve ssh Komutu Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SSH (Secure Shell), uzak bir bilgisayardaki komut sat\u0131r\u0131na g\u00fcvenli bi\u00e7imde eri\u015fmek, uzaktan komut \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak veya dosya aktar\u0131m\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir a\u011f protokol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan Telnet ve Rlogin gibi protokollerin aksine, verileri d\u00fcz metin (cleartext) olarak g\u00f6ndermez. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimlik bilgileri de dahil olmak \u00fczere istemci ile sunucu aras\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kriptografik algoritmalarla \u015fifreler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130stemci taraf\u0131nda yer alan <code>ssh komutu<\/code>, bu protokol\u00fc kullanarak hedef sistemdeki SSH sunucusuna (genellikle OpenSSH <code>sshd<\/code> servisi) ba\u011flanmay\u0131 sa\u011flar. Varsay\u0131lan olarak TCP 22 portu \u00fczerinden ileti\u015fim kurulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Temel ssh Komutu Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir sunucuya ba\u011flanman\u0131n en yal\u0131n hali, hedef sistemdeki kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 ve sunucunun IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ssh kullanici_adi@sunucu_ip_adresi<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, yerel a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdaki 192.168.1.50 IP adresine sahip bir Linux sunucuya <code>ahmet<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ile ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in \u015fu komut girilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ssh ahmet@192.168.1.50<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hedef sunucuya ilk kez ba\u011flan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, terminalde sunucunun kimlik izini (fingerprint) do\u011frulaman\u0131z\u0131 isteyen bir uyar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>The authenticity of host '192.168.1.50 (192.168.1.50)' can't be established.\nED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:abcd1234efgh...\nAre you sure you want to continue connecting (yes\/no\/[fingerprint])?<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu uyar\u0131ya <code>yes<\/code> yan\u0131t\u0131 verildi\u011finde, sunucunun a\u00e7\u0131k anahtar\u0131 istemci taraf\u0131ndaki <code>~\/.ssh\/known_hosts<\/code> dosyas\u0131na kaydedilir ve ard\u0131ndan parola istenir. Sonraki ba\u011flant\u0131larda anahtar e\u015fle\u015fti\u011fi s\u00fcrece bu onay ekran\u0131 tekrar \u00e7\u0131kmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E\u011fer mevcut yerel kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z ile uzak sunucudaki kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z ayn\u0131ysa, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 yazmadan yaln\u0131zca IP adresini belirterek de ba\u011flant\u0131 ba\u015flatabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ssh 192.168.1.50<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u0131k Kullan\u0131lan ssh Parametreleri ve Se\u00e7enekleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Standart ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, farkl\u0131 senaryolara y\u00f6nelik \u00e7e\u015fitli parametreler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Farkl\u0131 Port Belirtme (-p)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcvenlik amac\u0131yla sunucularda SSH portu genellikle 22 yerine farkl\u0131 bir port olarak ayarlan\u0131r. Hedef sunucu standart d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir port kullan\u0131yorsa <code>-p<\/code> parametresi eklenir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ssh -p 2222 ahmet@192.168.1.50<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu komut, varsay\u0131lan 22 portu yerine hedef makinenin 2222 numaral\u0131 portuna ba\u011flant\u0131 iste\u011fi g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hata Ay\u0131klama ve Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 (-v)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba\u011flant\u0131 esnas\u0131nda bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sorunun a\u011fdan m\u0131, kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131ndan m\u0131 yoksa sunucu yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131ndan m\u0131 kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in verbose (ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131) mod kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ssh -v ahmet@192.168.1.50<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Daha fazla detay g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in <code>-vv<\/code> veya en derin analiz i\u00e7in <code>-vvv<\/code> bayraklar\u0131 tercih edilebilir. Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, sunucu ile istemci aras\u0131ndaki el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131r sat\u0131r g\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uzak Sunucuda Tek Komut \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir sunucuya tam bir oturum a\u00e7madan yaln\u0131zca tek bir komut \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p sonucunu yerel terminale almak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bunun i\u00e7in hedef bilginin sonuna \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak komut eklenir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ssh ahmet@192.168.1.50 \"df -h\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu komut uzak sunucuya ba\u011flan\u0131r, disk doluluk oranlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren <code>df -h<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 istemci ekran\u0131na basar ve oturumu derhal kapat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SSH Anahtarlar\u0131 ile G\u00fcvenli ve Parolas\u0131z Giri\u015f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parola ile oturum a\u00e7mak kaba kuvvet (brute-force) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu nedenle siber g\u00fcvenlik standartlar\u0131, parola yerine a\u00e7\u0131k anahtar kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 (Public Key Authentication) \u00f6nerir. Bu y\u00f6ntemde bir \u00f6zel (private) ve bir genel (public) anahtar \u00e7ifti kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Anahtar \u00c7ifti Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130stemci makinede modern ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fifreleme algoritmas\u0131 olan Ed25519 kullan\u0131larak anahtar \u00e7ifti \u00fcretilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C \"admin@sirket.com\"<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda anahtar\u0131n nereye kaydedilece\u011fi ve anahtar\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in bir parola (passphrase) girilip girilmeyece\u011fi sorulur. \u0130\u015flem bitti\u011finde <code>~\/.ssh\/<\/code> dizini alt\u0131nda <code>id_ed25519<\/code> (gizli tutulmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6zel anahtar) ve <code>id_ed25519.pub<\/code> (payla\u015f\u0131labilir genel anahtar) dosyalar\u0131 olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Genel Anahtar\u0131 Sunucuya Aktarma<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dcretilen genel anahtar\u0131n hedef sunucuya eklenmesi gerekir. Bunun i\u00e7in <code>ssh-copy-id<\/code> komutu kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ssh-copy-id -i ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519.pub ahmet@192.168.1.50<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu komut, genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hedef sunucunun <code>~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code> dosyas\u0131na otomatik olarak ekler. Bu ad\u0131mdan sonra hedef sunucuya ba\u011flan\u0131rken parola sormayacak, do\u011frudan anahtar \u00fczerinden do\u011frulama yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E\u011fer birden fazla \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z varsa ve belirli bir anahtarla ba\u011flanmak istiyorsan\u0131z <code>-i<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ssh -i ~\/.ssh\/ozel_anahtarim ahmet@192.168.1.50<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SSH \u0130stemci Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131: config Dosyas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7ok say\u0131da sunucu y\u00f6netirken portlar\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 adlar\u0131n\u0131 ve anahtar yollar\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131lda tutmak zordur. Bu s\u00fcreci kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yerel makinenizde <code>~\/.ssh\/config<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dosyay\u0131 olu\u015fturup i\u00e7ine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki formatta kay\u0131tlar ekleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Host test-sunucu\n    HostName 192.168.1.50\n    User ahmet\n    Port 2222\n    IdentityFile ~\/.ssh\/id_ed25519<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yap\u0131land\u0131rmadan sonra, uzun parametreler yazmak yerine do\u011frudan takma ad\u0131 kullanarak ba\u011flanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ssh test-sunucu<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sistem gerekli portu, kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 ve anahtar yolunu dosyadan otomatik olarak okuyacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Siber G\u00fcvenlik A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan SSH S\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SSH servisinin varsay\u0131lan hali do\u011frudan internete a\u00e7\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Temel g\u00fcvenlik seviyesini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in hedef sunucudaki <code>\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda \u015fu \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Varsay\u0131lan 22 portu rastgele ve kullan\u0131lmayan bir y\u00fcksek porta \u00e7ekilmelidir.<\/li>\n\n<li><code>PermitRootLogin no<\/code> y\u00f6nergesi ile do\u011frudan <code>root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden giri\u015f engellenmelidir.<\/li>\n\n<li><code>PasswordAuthentication no<\/code> y\u00f6nergesi ile parola ile giri\u015f tamamen kapat\u0131lmal\u0131, yaln\u0131zca anahtar tabanl\u0131 giri\u015fe izin verilmelidir.<\/li>\n\n<li>Ba\u011flant\u0131 deneme say\u0131lar\u0131 <code>MaxAuthTries<\/code> parametresiyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6zet ve Sonraki Ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Linux ortam\u0131nda <code>ssh komutu<\/code>, uzak sistemlerin g\u00fcvenli y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu komutun temel parametrelerine h\u00e2kim olmak, anahtar tabanl\u0131 yetkilendirme mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 kurmak ve ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131yla otomatikle\u015ftirmek y\u00f6netim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. Bir sonraki a\u015famada, SSH t\u00fcnelleme (Local\/Remote Port Forwarding) y\u00f6ntemlerini ve g\u00fcvenli dosya aktar\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flayan SCP\/SFTP ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek yetkinliklerinizi geli\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Linux sistem y\u00f6netiminin temel arac\u0131 olan ssh komutunun kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, pratik parametrelerini ve anahtar tabanl\u0131 g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffedin.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10252,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[205],"tags":[555,210,556,553,554],"class_list":["post-10251","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-komut-referansi","tag-ag-guvenligi","tag-linux","tag-sistem-yonetimi","tag-ssh","tag-uzak-baglanti"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Linux ssh Komutu ile Uzak Ba\u011flant\u0131 - Yunus KAYTAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Linux ssh komutu nedir, nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r? 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