{"id":10186,"date":"2026-10-30T11:09:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T08:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/?p=10186"},"modified":"2026-10-30T11:09:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T08:09:00","slug":"php-de-tarih-ve-saat-fonksiyonlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/en\/yk\/php-de-tarih-ve-saat-fonksiyonlari\/","title":{"rendered":"PHP&#8217;de Tarih ve Saat Fonksiyonlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Web uygulamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131c\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131, oturum s\u00fcreleri, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcnl\u00fckleri (log kay\u0131tlar\u0131) ve zamanlanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6revler gibi pek \u00e7ok kritik s\u00fcre\u00e7 tarih ve saat verilerine dayan\u0131r. Arka u\u00e7 geli\u015ftiricileri i\u00e7in bu verileri do\u011fru bi\u00e7imlendirmek, zaman dilimlerini y\u00f6netmek ve zaman hesaplamalar\u0131 yapmak temel bir gerekliliktir. PHP, sundu\u011fu yerle\u015fik fonksiyonlar ve nesne y\u00f6nelimli s\u0131n\u0131flar sayesinde tarih ve saat i\u015flemlerini esnek bir yap\u0131da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler. Bu rehberde, PHP&#8217;de tarih ve saat y\u00f6netimini temel fonksiyonlardan modern nesne y\u00f6nelimli ara\u00e7lara kadar ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zaman Dilimi (Timezone) Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tarih i\u015flemlerine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce sistemin hangi zaman diliminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek gerekir. Varsay\u0131lan olarak sunucunun yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r; ancak bu durum yerel kullan\u0131c\u0131lar veya farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalardaki i\u015flemler i\u00e7in hatal\u0131 zaman damgalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. \u00d6zellikle siber g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan log kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n tutarl\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in zaman dilimi ayar\u0131 kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zaman dilimini \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma an\u0131nda belirlemek i\u00e7in <code>date_default_timezone_set()<\/code> fonksiyonu kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>date_default_timezone_set('Europe\/Istanbul');\necho date_default_timezone_get();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00f6rnekte ilk sat\u0131r, uygulaman\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 saat dilimini \u0130stanbul olarak belirler. \u0130kinci sat\u0131r ise ge\u00e7erli zaman dilimini ekrana yazd\u0131r\u0131r. Kodun ba\u015f\u0131nda bu tan\u0131m\u0131 yapmak, ilerleyen sat\u0131rlarda \u00fcretilecek t\u00fcm zaman verilerinin do\u011fru referansla olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Temel Fonksiyon: date()<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PHP&#8217;de en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan tarih fonksiyonu <code>date()<\/code> fonksiyonudur. Bu fonksiyon, belirlenen bir bi\u00e7im kural\u0131na g\u00f6re ge\u00e7erli sistem saatini ya da verilen bir zaman damgas\u0131n\u0131 okunabilir metin format\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fonksiyonun temel prototipi iki parametre al\u0131r: bi\u00e7im dizgisi (format string) ve iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 zaman damgas\u0131 (timestamp). \u0130kinci parametre verilmezse ge\u00e7erli an referans al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>echo date('Y-m-d H:i:s');<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yukar\u0131daki kod \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda <code>2024-05-18 14:30:15<\/code> benzeri bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 \u00fcretir. Bi\u00e7imlendirmede kullan\u0131lan temel karakterlerin anlamlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Y: D\u00f6rt basamakl\u0131 y\u0131l bilgisi (\u00f6rne\u011fin 2024)<\/li>\n\n<li>m: \u0130ki basamakl\u0131 ay bilgisi, ba\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131f\u0131r bulunur (01 ile 12 aras\u0131)<\/li>\n\n<li>d: \u0130ki basamakl\u0131 g\u00fcn bilgisi, ba\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131f\u0131r bulunur (01 ile 31 aras\u0131)<\/li>\n\n<li>H: 24 saatlik formatta iki basamakl\u0131 saat (00 ile 23 aras\u0131)<\/li>\n\n<li>i: \u0130ki basamakl\u0131 dakika bilgisi (00 ile 59 aras\u0131)<\/li>\n\n<li>s: \u0130ki basamakl\u0131 saniye bilgisi (00 ile 59 aras\u0131)<\/li>\n\n<li>l: G\u00fcn\u00fcn tam \u0130ngilizce ad\u0131 (Monday, Tuesday gibi)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unix Zaman Damgas\u0131 ve time()<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unix zaman damgas\u0131 (timestamp), 1 Ocak 1970 00:00:00 UTC tarihinden itibaren ge\u00e7en toplam saniye say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder. Veritabanlar\u0131nda zaman verisini tam say\u0131 (integer) olarak depolamak ve matematiksel kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapmak i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ge\u00e7erli zaman damgas\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in <code>time()<\/code> fonksiyonu kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$suan = time();\necho $suan;\n\n$gelecek = $suan + (7 * 24 * 60 * 60);\necho date('Y-m-d', $gelecek);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00f6rnekte <code>time()<\/code> fonksiyonu mevcut saniyeyi \u00fcretir. Ard\u0131ndan bir haftal\u0131k s\u00fcrenin saniye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 (7 g\u00fcn * 24 saat * 60 dakika * 60 saniye) eklenerek gelecekteki bir tarih hesaplan\u0131r ve <code>date()<\/code> fonksiyonuna ikinci parametre olarak verilerek bi\u00e7imlendirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Metinleri Tarihe D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme: strtotime()<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Metin halindeki tarih ifadelerini Unix zaman damgas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in <code>strtotime()<\/code> fonksiyonu kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu fonksiyon, insan taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir standart \u0130ngilizce tarih ifadelerini \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme yetene\u011fine sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$yarin = strtotime('tomorrow');\necho date('Y-m-d', $yarin);\n\n$gelecek_ay = strtotime('+1 month');\necho date('Y-m-d', $gelecek_ay);\n\n$ozel_tarih = strtotime('2025-12-31 23:59:59');\necho $ozel_tarih;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk \u00f6rnekte <code>tomorrow<\/code> ifadesi yar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 zaman\u0131n\u0131, ikinci \u00f6rnekte <code>+1 month<\/code> ifadesi bir ay sonras\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00f6rnekte ise belirli bir tarih metni do\u011frudan Unix zaman damgas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu fonksiyon kullan\u0131c\u0131 girdileriyle i\u015flem yaparken esneklik sa\u011flasa da beklenmeyen format hatalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in girdi do\u011frulamas\u0131 ile birlikte kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nesne Y\u00f6nelimli Yakla\u015f\u0131m: DateTime S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PHP 5.2 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnden bu yana sunulan <code>DateTime<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, prosed\u00fcrel fonksiyonlara k\u0131yasla daha mod\u00fcler, hataya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ve okunabilir bir yap\u0131 sunar. B\u00fcy\u00fck projelerde ve karma\u015f\u0131k tarih hesaplamalar\u0131nda bu nesne y\u00f6nelimli yakla\u015f\u0131m tercih edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$tarih = new DateTime('now', new DateTimeZone('Europe\/Istanbul'));\necho $tarih-&gt;format('Y-m-d H:i:s');\n\n$tarih-&gt;modify('+10 days');\necho $tarih-&gt;format('Y-m-d H:i:s');<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yap\u0131da <code>DateTime<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan yeni bir nesne t\u00fcretilir. \u0130kinci parametre olarak <code>DateTimeZone<\/code> nesnesi verilerek nesne bazl\u0131 yerelle\u015ftirme yap\u0131l\u0131r. <code>modify()<\/code> metodu ise tarihi do\u011frudan manip\u00fcle etmeyi sa\u011flar; \u00f6rne\u011fin mevcut tarihe 10 g\u00fcn ekler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130ki Tarih Aras\u0131ndaki Fark\u0131 Hesaplama<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130ki zaman noktas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in <code>diff()<\/code> metodu kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu metod geriye bir <code>DateInterval<\/code> nesnesi d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$baslangic = new DateTime('2024-01-01');\n$bitis = new DateTime('2024-06-15');\n\n$fark = $baslangic-&gt;diff($bitis);\n\necho $fark-&gt;format('%y y\u0131l, %m ay, %d g\u00fcn');\necho $fark-&gt;days;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu kod blo\u011funda iki farkl\u0131 tarih tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ve aralar\u0131ndaki fark hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <code>format()<\/code> metodu ile aradaki y\u0131l, ay ve g\u00fcn fark\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilirken, <code>days<\/code> \u00f6zelli\u011fi toplam g\u00fcn fark\u0131n\u0131 tam say\u0131 olarak verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tarih Do\u011frulama: checkdate()<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kullan\u0131c\u0131 formlar\u0131ndan al\u0131nan g\u00fcn, ay ve y\u0131l bilgilerinin takvimsel olarak ge\u00e7erli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131namak mant\u0131ksal hatalar\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik zafiyetlerini \u00f6nler. \u00d6rne\u011fin 31 \u015eubat veya art\u0131k y\u0131l olmayan bir y\u0131lda 29 \u015eubat girilmesini engellemek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ay = 2;\n$gun = 29;\n$yil = 2023;\n\nif (checkdate($ay, $gun, $yil)) {\n    echo 'Ge\u00e7erli bir tarih.';\n} else {\n    echo 'Ge\u00e7ersiz tarih!';\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fonksiyon s\u0131ras\u0131yla ay, g\u00fcn ve y\u0131l parametrelerini al\u0131r ve boolean (true\/false) de\u011fer d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 art\u0131k y\u0131l olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yukar\u0131daki kontrol ge\u00e7ersiz sonu\u00e7 \u00fcretecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6zet ve Sonraki Ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PHP&#8217;de zaman y\u00f6netimi; <code>date_default_timezone_set()<\/code> ile do\u011fru zaman diliminin belirlenmesi, <code>date()<\/code> ve <code>time()<\/code> gibi temel ara\u00e7larla basit formatlamalar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolarda <code>DateTime<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 esas\u0131na dayan\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir sonraki ad\u0131mda, \u00e7ok dilli uygulamalarda yerel ayarlar\u0131 destekleyen <code>IntlDateFormatter<\/code> s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyebilir ve veritaban\u0131 sistemlerindeki (\u00f6rne\u011fin MySQL TIMESTAMP ve DATETIME t\u00fcrleri) zaman saklama standartlar\u0131yla PHP entegrasyonunu geli\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Web uygulamalar\u0131nda do\u011fru zaman y\u00f6netimi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan temel PHP tarih ve saat fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131, parametrelerini ve modern DateTime yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 inceliyoruz.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10187,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[301],"tags":[341,213,340,302,264],"class_list":["post-10186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-php","tag-datetime","tag-php","tag-php-date","tag-web-gelistirme","tag-yazilim"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PHP&#039;de Tarih ve Saat Fonksiyonlar\u0131 - Yunus KAYTAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PHP ile tarih ve saat i\u015flemlerini s\u0131f\u0131rdan \u00f6\u011frenin. date, strtotime fonksiyonlar\u0131 ve DateTime s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ile g\u00fcvenli zaman y\u00f6netimi rehberi.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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