{"id":10152,"date":"2026-10-27T10:58:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T07:58:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/?p=10152"},"modified":"2026-10-27T10:58:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T07:58:52","slug":"php-de-password-hash-ile-sifre-saklama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/en\/yk\/php-de-password-hash-ile-sifre-saklama\/","title":{"rendered":"PHP&#8217;de password_hash ile \u015eifre Saklama"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Web uygulamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, veritaban\u0131nda saklanan parolalar\u0131n do\u011fru \u015fekilde korunmas\u0131yla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilidir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte s\u0131k\u00e7a tercih edilen zay\u0131f algoritmalar veya d\u00fcz metin (plain-text) saklama pratikleri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz donan\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda saniyeler i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilmektedir. PHP, geli\u015ftiricilerin modern kriptografik standartlara uygun parola y\u00f6netimi yapabilmesi i\u00e7in yerle\u015fik parola hashleme fonksiyonlar\u0131 sunar. Bu mimarinin temel ta\u015f\u0131 ise <code>password_hash<\/code> fonksiyonudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Geleneksel Hash Y\u00f6ntemlerinin Riskleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uzun y\u0131llar boyunca PHP projelerinde MD5 ve SHA1 gibi algoritmalar parola saklamak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak bu fonksiyonlar \u015fifreleme veya g\u00fcvenli parola saklama i\u00e7in de\u011fil, veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0131zl\u0131ca do\u011frulamak (checksum) amac\u0131yla tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan algoritmalar, parola g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi bir zafiyet do\u011furur. G\u00fcncel GPU (grafik i\u015flemci) k\u00fcmeleri, saniyede milyarlarca MD5 denemesi yapabilmektedir. Bu durum, s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131lan veritabanlar\u0131ndaki parolalar\u0131n &#8220;rainbow table&#8221; (g\u00f6kku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 tablolar\u0131) veya do\u011frudan kaba kuvvet (brute-force) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla kolayca a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcvenli bir parola saklama algoritmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fu iki temel kritere sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yava\u015f ve hesaplama maliyeti y\u00fcksek olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n<li>Her parola i\u00e7in rastgele ve benzersiz bir tuz (salt) de\u011feri otomatik \u00fcretilmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">password_hash() Fonksiyonunun Temel Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PHP 5.5 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcyle birlikte \u00e7ekirde\u011fe dahil edilen <code>password_hash()<\/code>, geli\u015ftiriciyi tuz olu\u015fturma ve algoritma karma\u015fas\u0131ndan kurtaran standart bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. Bu fonksiyon, parolay\u0131 tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc olarak hashler ve her seferinde kriptografik olarak g\u00fcvenli rastgele bir salt de\u011feri \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte en basit haliyle bir parolan\u0131n nas\u0131l hash haline getirildi\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmektedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;?php\n$parola = \"KullaniciGucluSifresi!123\";\n\n$hashlenmisParola = password_hash($parola, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);\n\necho $hashlenmisParola;\n?&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yukar\u0131daki kod \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak \u015fu bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$2y$10$abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv...<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 rastgele karakterlerden olu\u015fmaz; belirli bir standard\u0131 temsil eder. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131n\u0131n ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kullan\u0131lan algoritmay\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin Bcrypt i\u00e7in <code>$2y$<\/code>), sonraki iki basamak maliyet (cost) fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc, devam\u0131ndaki k\u0131s\u0131m otomatik \u00fcretilen tuzu (salt) ve en son k\u0131s\u0131m ise as\u0131l parola \u00f6zetini i\u00e7erir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tuz de\u011ferini ayr\u0131 bir veritaban\u0131 s\u00fctununda saklaman\u0131za gerek kalmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Algoritma ve Maliyet (Cost) Se\u00e7imi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>password_hash<\/code> fonksiyonunun ikinci parametresi algoritmay\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parametresi ise yap\u0131land\u0131rma se\u00e7eneklerini tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Algoritma T\u00fcrleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PASSWORD_DEFAULT: PHP&#8217;nin en g\u00fcncel ve g\u00fcvenli kabul etti\u011fi algoritmay\u0131 se\u00e7er. PHP g\u00fcncellemeleriyle bu algoritma de\u011fi\u015febilir; g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde genellikle Bcrypt veya Argon2id i\u015faret edilir.<\/li>\n\n<li>PASSWORD_BCRYPT: Standart Blowfish tabanl\u0131 Bcrypt algoritmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar.<\/li>\n\n<li>PASSWORD_ARGON2I ve PASSWORD_ARGON2ID: Parola g\u00fcvenli\u011finde modern bir standart olan, bellek t\u00fcketimi y\u00fcksek ve donan\u0131msal sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 Argon2 varyantlar\u0131d\u0131r. (PHP&#8217;nin Argon2 deste\u011fiyle derlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maliyet De\u011ferini Ayarlama<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bcrypt algoritmas\u0131nda maliyet fakt\u00f6r\u00fc, algoritman\u0131n ka\u00e7 tur \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Varsay\u0131lan de\u011fer <code>10<\/code>&#8216;dur. Bu de\u011fer 1 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hesaplama s\u00fcresi iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar. Maliyeti art\u0131rmak sunucu g\u00fcvenli\u011fini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir ancak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek de\u011ferler CPU y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rarak uygulaman\u0131n yan\u0131t s\u00fcresini uzatabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;?php\n$parola = \"GizliKelimeler456\";\n\n$ayarlar = [\n    'cost' =&gt; 12\n];\n\n$hash = password_hash($parola, PASSWORD_BCRYPT, $ayarlar);\n\necho $hash;\n?&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00f6rnekte <code>cost<\/code> de\u011feri 12 olarak atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130deal maliyet de\u011feri, sunucunuzun tek bir hash i\u015flemini yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 ile 100 milisaniye aras\u0131nda tamamlayabilece\u011fi seviyede tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parola Do\u011frulama: password_verify()<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hashlenmi\u015f bir verinin geri \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi matematiksel olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f yapabilmesi i\u00e7in, girdi\u011fi d\u00fcz metin parolan\u0131n veritaban\u0131ndaki hash ile e\u015fle\u015fip e\u015fle\u015fmedi\u011fi kontrol edilmelidir. Bu i\u015flem i\u00e7in <code>password_verify()<\/code> fonksiyonu kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;?php\n$girilenParola = \"KullaniciGucluSifresi!123\";\n$veritabanindakiHash = '$2y$10$EIX5V6f.N0K.w7eA9g0j9eM6x6j8j6x6j8j6x6j8j6x6j8j6x6j8.';\n\nif (password_verify($girilenParola, $veritabanindakiHash)) {\n    echo \"Parola dogrulandi, oturum aciliyor.\";\n} else {\n    echo \"Gecersiz parola veya kullanici adi.\";\n}\n?&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><code>password_verify()<\/code>, veritaban\u0131ndaki hash metnini inceler; algoritmay\u0131, maliyeti ve kullan\u0131lan tuzu oradan okur. Ard\u0131ndan girilen parolay\u0131 ayn\u0131 parametrelerle yeniden hashleyip zamanlama sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na (timing attack) dayan\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hash G\u00fcncelleme: password_needs_rehash()<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zaman i\u00e7inde sunucu donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7lenebilir veya PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz g\u00fcncellendi\u011finde varsay\u0131lan algoritma de\u011fi\u015febilir. Eski kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n veritaban\u0131ndaki hashlerini yeni maliyet veya algoritma standard\u0131na y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n oturum a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 an\u0131 yakalamak gerekir. Bunun i\u00e7in <code>password_needs_rehash()<\/code> kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;?php\n$girilenParola = \"KullaniciGucluSifresi!123\";\n$kullaniciHash = $veritabaniKaydi['parola_hash'];\n\n$yeniAyarlar = ['cost' =&gt; 12];\n\nif (password_verify($girilenParola, $kullaniciHash)) {\n    if (password_needs_rehash($kullaniciHash, PASSWORD_DEFAULT, $yeniAyarlar)) {\n        $yeniHash = password_hash($girilenParola, PASSWORD_DEFAULT, $yeniAyarlar);\n        \/\/ $yeniHash degeri veritabaninda guncellenmelidir.\n    }\n    \n    \/\/ Oturum islemlerine devam edilir.\n}\n?&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu y\u00f6ntem sayesinde kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u015fifre s\u0131f\u0131rlamas\u0131na gerek kalmadan, veritaban\u0131 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kademeli olarak ve kesintisiz bi\u00e7imde modern standartlara y\u00fckseltilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Veritaban\u0131 ve Uygulama Mimarisi \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda parola alan\u0131n\u0131 saklarken <code>VARCHAR(255)<\/code> uzunlu\u011funda bir s\u00fctun kullan\u0131n. Bcrypt \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 60 karakter s\u00fcrse de Argon2 gibi yeni algoritmalar daha uzun dizeler \u00fcretebilir.<\/li>\n\n<li>Asla kendi tuzunuzu (custom salt) elle \u00fcretip <code>password_hash()<\/code> fonksiyonuna harici vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131n. PHP&#8217;nin tuz parametresi PHP 7.0 ile birlikte kullan\u0131mdan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (deprecated) ve otomatik \u00fcretim zorunlu hale getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n\n<li>Hashleme istemci taraf\u0131nda de\u011fil, daima sunucu taraf\u0131nda yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stemci ile sunucu aras\u0131ndaki veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ise SSL\/TLS sertifikas\u0131 (HTTPS) ile sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6zet ve Sonraki Ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PHP&#8217;nin yerle\u015fik <code>password_hash<\/code> ve <code>password_verify<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131, modern web g\u00fcvenli\u011finin vazge\u00e7ilmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Geli\u015ftiricilerin ek k\u00fct\u00fcphanelere ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan, end\u00fcstri standard\u0131 olan Bcrypt ve Argon2 algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131 kolayca projelerine entegre etmelerini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcvenlik altyap\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bir ad\u0131m \u00f6teye ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in giri\u015f denemelerini k\u0131s\u0131tlayan &#8220;rate limiting&#8221; mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyebilir ve uygulaman\u0131za iki fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama (2FA) katman\u0131 eklemeyi de\u011ferlendirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Web uygulamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131c\u0131 parolalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde saklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in PHP&#8217;nin sundu\u011fu modern password_hash ve password_verify fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10153,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[301],"tags":[313,311,213,11,312],"class_list":["post-10152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-php","tag-backend-gelistirme","tag-password_hash","tag-php","tag-siber-guvenlik","tag-sifreleme"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PHP&#039;de password_hash ile \u015eifre Saklama - Yunus KAYTAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PHP&#039;de password_hash fonksiyonu ile g\u00fcvenli \u015fifre saklama y\u00f6ntemleri, algoritma se\u00e7enekleri ve password_verify kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair kapsaml\u0131 rehber.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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