{"id":10120,"date":"2026-10-25T20:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-25T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/?p=10120"},"modified":"2026-10-25T20:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-25T17:00:00","slug":"php-nedir-sifirdan-baslangic-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/en\/yk\/php-nedir-sifirdan-baslangic-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"PHP Nedir? S\u0131f\u0131rdan Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Web teknolojileri ile ilgilenmeye ba\u015flayan herkesin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ilk \u00e7\u0131kan kavramlardan biri \u015f\u00fcphesiz PHP olur. \u0130nternetin omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan milyonlarca web sitesi ve web uygulamas\u0131, arka planda bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc dilden beslenir. Bu yaz\u0131da, programlamaya yeni ad\u0131m atanlar i\u00e7in PHP nedir sorusunu yan\u0131tlayacak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibini inceleyecek ve temel s\u00f6zdizimini \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r kod \u00f6rnekleriyle ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PHP Nedir ve Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PHP, a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 &#8220;PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor&#8221; olan, \u00f6zellikle web geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131, sunucu tarafl\u0131 (server-side) bir betik dilidir. Sunucu tarafl\u0131 olmas\u0131, yaz\u0131lan kodlar\u0131n kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011fil, web sitesini bar\u0131nd\u0131ran sunucuda i\u015flendi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Statik bir HTML dosyas\u0131nda taray\u0131c\u0131 sunucudan belgeyi talep eder ve sunucu dosyay\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi taray\u0131c\u0131ya iletir. PHP ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan dinamik bir sistemde ise s\u00fcre\u00e7 farkl\u0131 i\u015fler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kullan\u0131c\u0131 taray\u0131c\u0131 \u00fczerinden bir sayfa talebinde bulunur.<\/li>\n\n<li>Sunucu, talep edilen dosyan\u0131n PHP kodu i\u00e7erdi\u011fini tespit eder ve PHP derleyicisine g\u00f6nderir.<\/li>\n\n<li>PHP derleyicisi kodlar\u0131 sat\u0131r sat\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, gerekirse veritaban\u0131ndan bilgi \u00e7eker ve sonu\u00e7 olarak standart bir HTML \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretir.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u00dcretilen saf HTML \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 taray\u0131c\u0131ya geri g\u00f6nderilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 sayesinde kullan\u0131c\u0131, kaynak kodlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcledi\u011finde sunucuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan PHP kodlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6remez; yaln\u0131zca \u00fcretilen son HTML \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu mekanizma hem veri g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flar hem de ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f dinamik i\u00e7eriklerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na imkan tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Neden PHP \u00d6\u011frenmelisiniz?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yaz\u0131l\u0131m d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda onlarca farkl\u0131 dil varken PHP&#8217;nin uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r pop\u00fclerli\u011fini korumas\u0131n\u0131n belirli nedenleri vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00d6\u011frenme E\u011frisi: C ve Java tabanl\u0131 dillerin s\u00f6zdizimine benzer, okunabilirli\u011fi y\u00fcksek ve ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in son derece anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir.<\/li>\n\n<li>Geni\u015f Ekosistem: WordPress, Drupal gibi pop\u00fcler i\u00e7erik y\u00f6netim sistemleri ve Laravel, Symfony gibi modern \u00e7at\u0131 sistemleri (framework) PHP altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n<li>Platform Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131: Windows, Linux, macOS gibi t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletim sistemlerinde sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n<li>Y\u00fcksek Topluluk Deste\u011fi: Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz hemen hemen her hata veya ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilece\u011finiz her k\u00fct\u00fcphane i\u00e7in internette geni\u015f bir kaynak havuzu mevcuttur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Geli\u015ftirme Ortam\u0131n\u0131n Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PHP kodlar\u0131n\u0131 bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zda yerel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in bir web sunucusuna (Apache veya Nginx) ve PHP yorumlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z vard\u0131r. Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in bu bile\u015fenleri tek tek kurmak yerine XAMPP, WampServer veya MAMP gibi haz\u0131r paket yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 kullanmak en pratik yoldur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alternatif olarak, sisteminizde PHP kuruluysa harici bir sunucu yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan yerle\u015fik test sunucusunu da kullanabilirsiniz. Terminal veya komut sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arak dosyan\u0131z\u0131n bulundu\u011fu dizinde \u015fu komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z yeterlidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>php -S localhost:8000<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu komut, bulundu\u011funuz dizini k\u00f6k dizin kabul ederek 8000 portu \u00fczerinden yerel bir geli\u015ftirme sunucusu ba\u015flat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Temel PHP S\u00f6zdizimi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PHP kodlar\u0131, HTML belgelerinin i\u00e7erisine do\u011frudan g\u00f6m\u00fclebilir. PHP motorunun kodlar\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel etiketler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Her PHP kod blo\u011fu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 etiketi ile a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve biti\u015f etiketi ile kapat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;?php\necho \"Merhaba D\u00fcnya!\";\n?&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte <code>echo<\/code>, PHP&#8217;de ekrana metin veya veri yazd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan temel ifadedir. PHP&#8217;de her komut sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n sonuna noktal\u0131 virg\u00fcl koyulmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De\u011fi\u015fkenler ve Veri Tipleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PHP&#8217;de de\u011fi\u015fkenler daima dolar i\u015fareti (<code>$<\/code>) ile ba\u015flar. PHP, t\u00fcr tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 gerektirmeyen (loosely typed) bir dildir; yani bir de\u011fi\u015fkenin veri tipini \u00f6nceden belirtmeniz gerekmez. De\u011fi\u015fkene atanan de\u011fere g\u00f6re t\u00fcr otomatik olarak belirlenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;?php\n$metin = \"Yunus Kaytan\";\n$yas = 28;\n$ortalama = 85.5;\n$aktifMi = true;\n\necho $metin . \" - \" . $yas;\n?&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu kod blo\u011funda s\u0131ras\u0131yla metin (string), tam say\u0131 (integer), ondal\u0131kl\u0131 say\u0131 (float) ve mant\u0131ksal (boolean) veri tipleri tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Metinleri birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in nokta (<code>.<\/code>) operat\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ko\u015fullu \u0130fadeler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Program ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 belirli \u015fartlara g\u00f6re y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in ko\u015ful bloklar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. En yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan yap\u0131 <code>if<\/code>, <code>else<\/code> ve <code>elseif<\/code> ifadeleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;?php\n$puan = 75;\n\nif ($puan &gt;= 85) {\n    echo \"Derece: Pekiyi\";\n} elseif ($puan &gt;= 50) {\n    echo \"Derece: Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131\";\n} else {\n    echo \"Derece: Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z\";\n}\n?&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00f6rnekte <code>$puan<\/code> de\u011fi\u015fkeninin de\u011feri kontrol edilir ve sa\u011flanan ko\u015fulun alt\u0131ndaki kod blo\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. De\u011fer 75 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ekrana &#8220;Derece: Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131&#8221; yazd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00f6ng\u00fcler ve Diziler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Birden fazla veriyi tek bir de\u011fi\u015fkende saklamak i\u00e7in diziler (arrays) kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Dizilerdeki verileri tek tek i\u015flemek i\u00e7in ise en ideal y\u00f6ntem <code>foreach<\/code> d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;?php\n$programlamaDilleri = array(\"PHP\", \"Python\", \"JavaScript\", \"Go\");\n\nforeach ($programlamaDilleri as $dil) {\n    echo \"Dillerden biri: \" . $dil . \"&lt;br&gt;\";\n}\n?&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu kodda d\u00f6rt elemanl\u0131 bir indeksli dizi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <code>foreach<\/code> d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc her ad\u0131mda s\u0131radaki dizi eleman\u0131n\u0131 <code>$dil<\/code> de\u011fi\u015fkenine atar ve ekrana yazd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fonksiyonlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fonksiyonlar, belirli bir g\u00f6revi yerine getiren ve tekrar tekrar \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131labilen kod bloklar\u0131d\u0131r. Kod tekrar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler ve projeyi mod\u00fcler hale getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;?php\nfunction toplama($sayi1, $sayi2) {\n    $sonuc = $sayi1 + $sayi2;\n    return $sonuc;\n}\n\n$islemSonucu = toplama(10, 25);\necho \"Toplam: \" . $islemSonucu;\n?&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Burada iki parametre alan ve bu parametreleri toplayarak geriye d\u00f6nd\u00fcren (<code>return<\/code>) bir fonksiyon olu\u015fturulmu\u015f, ard\u0131ndan 10 ve 25 de\u011ferleriyle \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131larak sonu\u00e7 ekrana bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Form Verilerini Alma (GET ve POST)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Web sitelerinde kullan\u0131c\u0131dan veri toplamak i\u00e7in HTML formlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. PHP, formlar \u00fczerinden g\u00f6nderilen verileri yakalamak i\u00e7in s\u00fcper k\u00fcresel (superglobal) de\u011fi\u015fkenler sunar: <code>$_GET<\/code> ve <code>$_POST<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>&lt;?php\nif ($_SERVER[\"REQUEST_METHOD\"] == \"POST\") {\n    $kullaniciAdi = htmlspecialchars($_POST[\"kullanici\"]);\n    echo \"Ho\u015f geldiniz, \" . $kullaniciAdi;\n}\n?&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00f6rnekte, sunucuya bir POST iste\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilir. G\u00f6nderilen formdaki &#8220;kullanici&#8221; verisi <code>$_POST<\/code> s\u00fcper k\u00fcreseli ile yakalan\u0131r. <code>htmlspecialchars<\/code> fonksiyonu ise girilen zararl\u0131 HTML veya JavaScript etiketlerini etkisiz hale getirerek temel d\u00fczeyde XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sonu\u00e7 ve Sonraki Ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PHP, web uygulamalar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve esnek bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 sunar. Temel s\u00f6zdizimini, de\u011fi\u015fkenleri, ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri kavrad\u0131ktan sonraki ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z, veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek olmal\u0131d\u0131r. PHP Veri Nesneleri (PDO) ile MySQL veritaban\u0131na ba\u011flanmay\u0131 ve CRUD (Olu\u015ftur, Oku, G\u00fcncelle, Sil) i\u015flemlerini uygulamay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenerek dinamik web geli\u015ftirme yolculu\u011funuzu ilerletebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Web d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n temel yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biri olan PHP dilini s\u0131f\u0131rdan \u00f6\u011frenin. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma mant\u0131\u011f\u0131, kurulum ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ve pratik kod \u00f6rnekleri bu rehberde.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10121,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[301],"tags":[303,213,304,302,264],"class_list":["post-10120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-php","tag-backend","tag-php","tag-programlama-dilleri","tag-web-gelistirme","tag-yazilim"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PHP Nedir? S\u0131f\u0131rdan Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Rehberi - Yunus KAYTAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PHP nedir ve nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? S\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in temel s\u00f6zdizimi, veri tipleri, d\u00f6ng\u00fcler ve form i\u015flemlerini i\u00e7eren kapsaml\u0131 rehber.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/en\/yk\/php-nedir-sifirdan-baslangic-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PHP Nedir? S\u0131f\u0131rdan Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Rehberi - Yunus KAYTAN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PHP nedir ve nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? 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