{"id":10118,"date":"2026-10-25T18:40:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-25T15:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/?p=10118"},"modified":"2026-10-25T18:40:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-25T15:40:00","slug":"python-ile-basit-hesap-makinesi-yapimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/en\/yk\/python-ile-basit-hesap-makinesi-yapimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Python ile Basit Hesap Makinesi Yap\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Programlama \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecinde teorik bilgileri prati\u011fe d\u00f6kmek, mant\u0131ksal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme becerisini geli\u015ftiren en temel unsurdur. Python s\u00f6zdizimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sade, okunabilirli\u011fi y\u00fcksek ve yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frenme e\u011frisi olduk\u00e7a yumu\u015fak bir dildir. Bir programlama dilinin temel yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kavraman\u0131n klasik ve en verimli yollar\u0131ndan biri ise hesap makinesi projesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu rehberde, s\u0131f\u0131rdan bir python hesap makinesi uygulamas\u0131 geli\u015ftirece\u011fiz. Geli\u015ftirece\u011fimiz proje; de\u011fi\u015fken tan\u0131mlama, kullan\u0131c\u0131dan veri alma, veri t\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme, fonksiyonlar, ko\u015fullu ifadeler ve hata y\u00f6netimi gibi temel programlama konseptlerini i\u00e7erecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Projede Kullan\u0131lacak Temel Kavramlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir hesap makinesi yazarken Python dilinin sundu\u011fu temel mekanizmalardan yararlan\u0131r\u0131z. Kod bloklar\u0131na ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce bu mekanizmalar\u0131n ne i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek s\u00fcreci kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fonksiyonlar: Kod tekrar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve belirli bir matematiksel i\u015flemi tek bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n<li>Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Giri\u015fi (input): Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n klavyeden say\u0131 ve i\u015flem tercihi girmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n\n<li>Tip D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc (Type Casting): Kullan\u0131c\u0131dan al\u0131nan veriler varsay\u0131lan olarak metin (string) bi\u00e7imindedir. Aritmetik i\u015flem yapabilmek i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131 ondal\u0131kl\u0131 say\u0131 (float) t\u00fcr\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmemiz gerekir.<\/li>\n\n<li>Ko\u015fullu \u0130fadeler (if-elif-else): Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u015fleme g\u00f6re hangi hesaplama blo\u011funun \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/li>\n\n<li>D\u00f6ng\u00fcler (while): Kullan\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapmak isteyene kadar uygulaman\u0131n kapanmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n\n<li>Hata Yakalama (try-except): Say\u0131 yerine ge\u00e7ersiz karakter girilmesi veya s\u0131f\u0131ra b\u00f6lme hatas\u0131 gibi durumlarda program\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesini engeller.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aritmetik Fonksiyonlar\u0131n Tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yaz\u0131l\u0131m mimarisinde mod\u00fclerlik \u00f6nemlidir. Hesap makinesinin temel d\u00f6rt i\u015flemini ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z fonksiyonlar olarak tan\u0131mlayarak i\u015fe ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m kodun okunabilirli\u011fini ve ileride yeni \u00f6zellikler eklenmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def topla(x, y):\n    return x + y\n\ndef cikar(x, y):\n    return x - y\n\ndef carp(x, y):\n    return x * y\n\ndef bol(x, y):\n    if y == 0:\n        return \"Hata: Bir say\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131ra b\u00f6l\u00fcnemez.\"\n    return x \/ y<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yukar\u0131daki kod blo\u011funda d\u00f6rt temel matematiksel i\u015flem fonksiyon haline getirilmi\u015ftir. Fonksiyonlar ald\u0131klar\u0131 iki parametre \u00fczerinde i\u015flem yaparak sonucu return ifadesiyle geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. B\u00f6lme i\u015fleminde paydan\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131r olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullu ifade ile kontrol edilir. Matematiksel olarak bir say\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131ra b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi tan\u0131ms\u0131z oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, program\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesini \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla bu denetim fonksiyon i\u00e7erisinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Aray\u00fcz\u00fc ve Men\u00fc D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hangi i\u015flemi yapmak istedi\u011fini se\u00e7ebilece\u011fi bir men\u00fc tasarlamal\u0131y\u0131z. Program\u0131n tek bir i\u015flemden sonra kapanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in kodlar\u0131 sonsuz bir while d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7ine alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def menu():\n    print(\"n--- Hesap Makinesi ---\")\n    print(\"1. Toplama\")\n    print(\"2. \u00c7\u0131karma\")\n    print(\"3. \u00c7arpma\")\n    print(\"4. B\u00f6lme\")\n    print(\"q. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu fonksiyon ekrana sade bir se\u00e7enek listesi yazd\u0131r\u0131r. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 yapmak istedi\u011fi i\u015flemin numaras\u0131n\u0131 veya \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in &#8216;q&#8217; tu\u015funu girecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kodlar\u0131n Birle\u015ftirilmesi ve Mant\u0131k Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcm par\u00e7alar\u0131 bir araya getirerek eksiksiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir python hesap makinesi olu\u015ftural\u0131m. Kullan\u0131c\u0131dan say\u0131lar\u0131 al\u0131rken ve se\u00e7im yapt\u0131r\u0131rken olu\u015fabilecek hatalar\u0131 en aza indirmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kontrol ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 kuraca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>def topla(x, y):\n    return x + y\n\ndef cikar(x, y):\n    return x - y\n\ndef carp(x, y):\n    return x * y\n\ndef bol(x, y):\n    if y == 0:\n        return \"Hata: Bir say\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131ra b\u00f6l\u00fcnemez.\"\n    return x \/ y\n\ndef hesap_makinesi():\n    while True:\n        print(\"n--- Hesap Makinesi ---\")\n        print(\"1. Toplama\")\n        print(\"2. \u00c7\u0131karma\")\n        print(\"3. \u00c7arpma\")\n        print(\"4. B\u00f6lme\")\n        print(\"q. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\")\n        \n        secim = input(\"L\u00fctfen bir i\u015flem se\u00e7in (1\/2\/3\/4\/q): \").strip().lower()\n        \n        if secim == 'q':\n            print(\"Programdan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yor...\")\n            break\n            \n        if secim not in ('1', '2', '3', '4'):\n            print(\"Ge\u00e7ersiz se\u00e7im! L\u00fctfen men\u00fcdeki se\u00e7eneklerden birini girin.\")\n            continue\n            \n        try:\n            sayi1 = float(input(\"Birinci say\u0131y\u0131 girin: \"))\n            sayi2 = float(input(\"\u0130kinci say\u0131y\u0131 girin: \"))\n        except ValueError:\n            print(\"Ge\u00e7ersiz giri\u015f! L\u00fctfen ge\u00e7erli bir say\u0131 girin.\")\n            continue\n            \n        if secim == '1':\n            sonuc = topla(sayi1, sayi2)\n            print(f\"Sonu\u00e7: {sayi1} + {sayi2} = {sonuc}\")\n        elif secim == '2':\n            sonuc = cikar(sayi1, sayi2)\n            print(f\"Sonu\u00e7: {sayi1} - {sayi2} = {sonuc}\")\n        elif secim == '3':\n            sonuc = carp(sayi1, sayi2)\n            print(f\"Sonu\u00e7: {sayi1} * {sayi2} = {sonuc}\")\n        elif secim == '4':\n            sonuc = bol(sayi1, sayi2)\n            print(f\"Sonu\u00e7: {sayi1} \/ {sayi2} = {sonuc}\")\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    hesap_makinesi()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kodun \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8216;while True&#8217; d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, kullan\u0131c\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a &#8216;q&#8217; tu\u015funa bas\u0131p d\u00f6ng\u00fcy\u00fc k\u0131rana (break) kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eder.<\/li>\n\n<li>&#8216;strip().lower()&#8217; metotlar\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n girdi\u011fi metnin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki veya sonundaki bo\u015fluklar\u0131 temizler ve harfi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclterek b\u00fcy\u00fck &#8216;Q&#8217; giri\u015flerini de ge\u00e7erli k\u0131lar.<\/li>\n\n<li>&#8216;secim not in&#8217; kontrol\u00fc, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n 1, 2, 3 veya 4 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda rastgele bir tu\u015fa basmas\u0131 durumunda d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6nmesini (continue) sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n\n<li>&#8216;try-except&#8217; blo\u011fu, say\u0131 giri\u015finde harf girilmesi durumunda program\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesini \u00f6nler. E\u011fer &#8216;float()&#8217; d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olursa &#8216;ValueError&#8217; yakalan\u0131r ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 bilgilendirilir.<\/li>\n\n<li>&#8216;if __name__ == &#8220;__main__&#8221;:&#8217; sat\u0131r\u0131, bu dosyan\u0131n do\u011frudan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fonksiyonun tetiklenmesini, ba\u015fka bir dosyaya mod\u00fcl olarak aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise otomatik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131n\u0131 temin eder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Siber G\u00fcvenlik ve Kod G\u00fcvenli\u011fi A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00d6nemli Bir Not<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yeni ba\u015flayan baz\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar dinamik hesaplamalar i\u00e7in Python&#8217;daki yerle\u015fik &#8216;eval()&#8217; fonksiyonunu kullanmay\u0131 tercih edebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 &#8220;5 + 3&#8221; ifadesini do\u011frudan &#8216;eval(&#8220;5 + 3&#8221;)&#8217; \u015feklinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak pratik g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak siber g\u00fcvenlik perspektifinden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda &#8216;eval()&#8217; fonksiyonu ciddi bir g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r (Remote Code Execution potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131r). K\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 sisteme ait dosyalar\u0131 silen veya sunucuya komut g\u00f6nderen bir zararl\u0131 kodu bu alana yazabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, hesap makinesi gibi basit ara\u00e7larda dahi kullan\u0131c\u0131 girdilerini kesin kurallarla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak ve g\u00fcvenli fonksiyonlar \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak en temel g\u00fcvenlik prensibidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6zet ve Sonraki Ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yaz\u0131da, Python dilinin temel unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ve hataya kapal\u0131 bir konsol hesap makinesi geli\u015ftirdik. Fonksiyonel programlama ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulayarak mant\u0131ksal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 kontrol ettik ve veri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerini y\u00f6nettik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir sonraki ad\u0131m olarak bu projeyi geli\u015ftirebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00dcs alma ve karek\u00f6k gibi ileri seviye matematik fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ekleyebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n\n<li>Ge\u00e7mi\u015f hesaplamalar\u0131 bir liste veya harici bir metin dosyas\u0131nda tutarak i\u015flem ge\u00e7mi\u015fi \u00f6zelli\u011fi geli\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n\n<li>Tkinter veya PyQt gibi k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri kullanarak bu terminal uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 grafiksel bir masa\u00fcst\u00fc aray\u00fcz\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131yabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Python programlama dilini \u00f6\u011frenirken temel mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 kavraman\u0131n en etkili yolu pratik projeler geli\u015ftirmektir. Bu rehberde ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bir hesap makinesi yap\u0131yoruz.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10119,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[207],"tags":[214,215,300,299,266],"class_list":["post-10118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","tag-programlama","tag-python","tag-python-dersleri","tag-python-hesap-makinesi","tag-yazilim-gelistirme"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Python ile Basit Hesap Makinesi Yap\u0131m\u0131 - Yunus KAYTAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Python ile basit hesap makinesi yap\u0131m\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin. 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