{"id":10053,"date":"2026-10-24T16:00:45","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T13:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/?p=10053"},"modified":"2026-10-24T16:00:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T13:00:45","slug":"python-da-if-elif-else-kosul-yapilari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunuskaytan.com\/en\/yk\/python-da-if-elif-else-kosul-yapilari\/","title":{"rendered":"Python&#8217;da if elif else Ko\u015ful Yap\u0131lar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinde programlar\u0131n belirli durumlara g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar sergilemesi gerekir. Bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sisteme giri\u015f yetkisinin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 denetlemek, girilen bir say\u0131n\u0131n pozitif mi negatif mi oldu\u011funu belirlemek veya a\u011f trafi\u011findeki bir paketin zararl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek gibi kararlar bu mekanizmalarla al\u0131n\u0131r. Python programlama dilinde bu t\u00fcr karar s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ko\u015fullu ifadeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00f6netilir. Program ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan en temel ara\u00e7 ise python if else yap\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ko\u015ful Yap\u0131lar\u0131 Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ko\u015ful yap\u0131lar\u0131, bir program\u0131n mant\u0131ksal kararlar alarak kod bloklar\u0131n\u0131 belirli \u015fartlara ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Normal \u015fartlarda Python kodlar\u0131 yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru sat\u0131r sat\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ko\u015ful yap\u0131lar\u0131 devreye girdi\u011finde ise bu s\u0131ral\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015febilir; belirli bir kod blo\u011fu atlanabilir ya da yaln\u0131zca \u015fart sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda devreye sokulabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu mekanizman\u0131n temelinde Boolean mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 yatar. Ko\u015ful olarak tan\u0131mlanan ifade nihai olarak ya Do\u011fru (True) ya da Yanl\u0131\u015f (False) sonucunu \u00fcretir. Program, d\u00f6nen bu mant\u0131ksal de\u011fere g\u00f6re hangi yolu izleyece\u011fine karar verir. Karar mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru tasarlanmas\u0131, yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n g\u00fcvenli, esnek ve hatas\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 temin eden en \u00f6nemli unsurlardan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Temel &#8216;if&#8217; \u0130fadesi ve Girinti (Indentation) Kural\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ko\u015ful bloklar\u0131n\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 &#8216;if&#8217; ifadesidir. Belirtilen ko\u015ful do\u011fru oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, &#8216;if&#8217; ifadesinin alt\u0131ndaki kod blo\u011fu y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ko\u015ful yanl\u0131\u015f ise Python bu blo\u011fu tamamen atlar ve program bir sonraki sat\u0131rdan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python dilinde kod bloklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 di\u011fer dillerdeki gibi s\u00fcsl\u00fc parantezlerle de\u011fil, girintiler (indentation) ile belirlenir. Standart olarak her girinti d\u00f6rt bo\u015fluktan olu\u015fur. Girintileme hatas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yorumlay\u0131c\u0131 &#8216;IndentationError&#8217; uyar\u0131s\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>sistem_durumu = \"aktif\"\n\nif sistem_durumu == \"aktif\":\n    print(\"Sistem basariyla calisiyor.\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte &#8220;sistem_durumu&#8221; de\u011fi\u015fkeni &#8220;aktif&#8221; de\u011ferine e\u015fittir. &#8220;if&#8221; sat\u0131r\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma True sonucunu \u00fcretti\u011fi i\u00e7in girintili yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f &#8220;print&#8221; fonksiyonu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve ekrana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 bas\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alternatif Durumlar \u0130\u00e7in &#8216;else&#8217; Blo\u011fu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ko\u015fulun sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani sonucun False \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 senaryolarda ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in &#8220;else&#8221; ifadesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. &#8220;else&#8221; blo\u011fu tek ba\u015f\u0131na var olamaz; mutlaka bir &#8220;if&#8221; veya &#8220;elif&#8221; blo\u011funu takip etmek zorundad\u0131r. &#8220;else&#8221; ifadesi herhangi bir ko\u015ful testi yapmaz; kendisinden \u00f6nceki hi\u00e7bir \u015fart sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak devreye girer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>kullanici_yasi = 16\n\nif kullanici_yasi &gt;= 18:\n    print(\"Sisteme erisim izni verildi.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Erisim reddedildi. Yas siniri 18'dir.\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00f6rnekte 16 de\u011feri 18&#8217;den b\u00fcy\u00fck ya da ona e\u015fit de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla &#8220;if&#8221; ko\u015fulu False d\u00f6ner, ilk blok atlan\u0131r ve do\u011frudan &#8220;else&#8221; blo\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak eri\u015fimin reddedildi\u011fini bildiren mesaj ekrana yazd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c7oklu Ko\u015fullar ve &#8216;elif&#8217; \u0130fadesi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130kiden fazla olas\u0131 durumun de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken durumlarda &#8220;elif&#8221; (else if k\u0131saltmas\u0131) kullan\u0131l\u0131r. &#8220;elif&#8221;, ilk &#8220;if&#8221; ko\u015fulu yanl\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir sonraki ko\u015fulun test edilmesini sa\u011flar. Python yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru ko\u015fullar\u0131 inceler; sa\u011flanan ilk ko\u015fulun kod blo\u011funu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra di\u011fer t\u00fcm &#8220;elif&#8221; ve &#8220;else&#8221; ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 atlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>not_degeri = 75\n\nif not_degeri &gt;= 85:\n    print(\"Basari Derecesi: Pekiyi\")\nelif not_degeri &gt;= 70:\n    print(\"Basari Derecesi: Iyi\")\nelif not_degeri &gt;= 50:\n    print(\"Basari Derecesi: Gecer\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Basari Derecesi: Basarisiz\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00f6rnekte &#8220;not_degeri&#8221; 75 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ilk &#8220;if&#8221; blo\u011fu False d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ard\u0131ndan gelen ilk &#8220;elif&#8221; ifadesi True sonucunu verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in &#8220;Basari Derecesi: Iyi&#8221; metni yazd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Python bu a\u015famada kalan di\u011fer &#8220;elif&#8221; ve &#8220;else&#8221; bloklar\u0131n\u0131 denetlemeden yap\u0131y\u0131 sonland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma ve Mant\u0131ksal Operat\u00f6rler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python if else yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 verimli kullanabilmek i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma ve mant\u0131ksal operat\u00f6rlere hakim olmak gerekir. Ko\u015ful ifadeleri bu operat\u00f6rler ile in\u015fa edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma operat\u00f6rleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>== : E\u015fittir kontrol\u00fc yapar, iki de\u011fer birbirine e\u015fitse True d\u00f6ner.<\/li>\n\n<li>!= : E\u015fit de\u011fildir kontrol\u00fc yapar, de\u011ferler farkl\u0131ysa True d\u00f6ner.<\/li>\n\n<li>&lt; : K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr kontrol\u00fc yapar.<\/li>\n\n<li>&gt; : B\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr kontrol\u00fc yapar.<\/li>\n\n<li>&lt;= : K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya e\u015fittir kontrol\u00fc yapar.<\/li>\n\n<li>&gt;= : B\u00fcy\u00fck veya e\u015fittir kontrol\u00fc yapar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Birden fazla \u015fart\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011finde mant\u0131ksal operat\u00f6rler kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>and : Ba\u011flanan t\u00fcm ko\u015fullar True oldu\u011funda True sonucunu verir.<\/li>\n\n<li>or : Ba\u011flanan ko\u015fullardan en az biri True oldu\u011funda True sonucunu verir.<\/li>\n\n<li>not : Ko\u015fulun mant\u0131ksal de\u011ferini tersine \u00e7evirir. True ise False, False ise True yapar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>kullanici_adi = \"yonetici\"\nparola_dogru = True\noturum_sayisi = 0\n\nif kullanici_adi == \"yonetici\" and parola_dogru and not oturum_sayisi &gt; 3:\n    print(\"Yonetim paneline giris yapildi.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Giris basarisiz veya oturum siniri asildi.\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00f6rnekte &#8220;and&#8221; operat\u00f6r\u00fc t\u00fcm \u015fartlar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lar. &#8220;not oturum_sayisi &gt; 3&#8221; ifadesi, oturum say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 3&#8217;ten b\u00fcy\u00fck olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumu denetler. \u015eartlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 do\u011fruland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in giri\u015f onaylan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0130\u00e7 \u0130\u00e7e (Nested) Ko\u015ful Yap\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bir ko\u015ful blo\u011funun i\u00e7erisine ba\u015fka bir ko\u015ful blo\u011fu yerle\u015ftirilebilir. Bu y\u00f6nteme i\u00e7 i\u00e7e (nested) ko\u015ful yap\u0131s\u0131 denir. Genellikle bir \u015fart sa\u011fland\u0131ktan sonra daha detayl\u0131 bir alt kontrol yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde tercih edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>ag_baglantisi = True\npaket_guvenli = False\n\nif ag_baglantisi:\n    print(\"Ag baglantisi dogrulandi.\")\n    if paket_guvenli:\n        print(\"Veri paketi kabul edildi.\")\n    else:\n        print(\"Guvenlik tehdidi: Paket engellendi.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Ag baglantisi kurulamadi.\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Burada ilk olarak a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulan\u0131r. Ba\u011flant\u0131 do\u011fruland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdaki ikinci &#8220;if&#8221; blo\u011funa ge\u00e7ilir ve paketin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi denetlenir. \u0130\u00e7 i\u00e7e yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok fazla katmandan olu\u015fmas\u0131 kodun okunabilirli\u011fini ve bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; bu nedenle derinli\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutmak iyi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftirme prati\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tek Sat\u0131rda Ko\u015ful Kullan\u0131m\u0131 (Ternary Operator)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Basit karar yap\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in Python tek sat\u0131rl\u0131k bir s\u00f6zdizimi sunar. Bu yap\u0131 kod taban\u0131n\u0131 sadele\u015ftirmek ve basit de\u011fi\u015fken atamalar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>port_numarasi = 443\nprotokol = \"HTTPS\" if port_numarasi == 443 else \"Diger\"\nprint(protokol)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yukar\u0131daki kod par\u00e7as\u0131nda &#8220;port_numarasi&#8221; 443 ise de\u011fi\u015fkene &#8220;HTTPS&#8221; atan\u0131r, de\u011filse &#8220;Diger&#8221; atan\u0131r. Bu teknik karma\u015f\u0131k mant\u0131klar i\u00e7in de\u011fil, k\u0131sa ve net atamalar i\u00e7in uygundur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6zet ve S\u0131radaki Ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Python&#8217;da karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin bel kemi\u011fini olu\u015fturan python if else mekanizmalar\u0131; programlar\u0131n ak\u0131ll\u0131, dinamik ve esnek yan\u0131tlar vermesini sa\u011flar. Do\u011fru girintileme kurallar\u0131na dikkat etmek, mant\u0131ksal operat\u00f6rleri yerinde kullanmak ve gereksiz i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ko\u015fullardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak kod kalitesini do\u011frudan art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ko\u015ful yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kavrad\u0131ktan sonra yaz\u0131l\u0131m yetkinli\u011finizi peki\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in listeler, s\u00f6zl\u00fckler gibi veri yap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bu kontrolleri uygulamal\u0131 ve d\u00f6ng\u00fcler (for ve while) ile birle\u015ftirerek daha kapsaml\u0131 algoritmalar geli\u015ftirmeye odaklanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Python programlama dilinde program ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden if elif else ko\u015ful yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, mant\u0131ksal operat\u00f6rleri ve en iyi uygulama y\u00f6ntemlerini ke\u015ffedin.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10054,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[207],"tags":[270,267,215,269,266],"class_list":["post-10053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-python","tag-kosul-yapilari","tag-programlama-temelleri","tag-python","tag-python-if-else","tag-yazilim-gelistirme"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Python&#039;da if elif else Ko\u015ful Yap\u0131lar\u0131 - Yunus KAYTAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Python&#039;da if elif else ko\u015ful yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131rdan \u00f6\u011frenin. 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